Science Outline NHPS: Anatomy and Physiology DRAFT

Scope and Sequence:

SCIENCE

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY DRAFT

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Unit Titles	CELL STRUCTURE	MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM	NERVOUS SYSTEM	DIGESTIVE SYSTEM	RESPIRATORY SYSTEM	CIRCULATORY SYSTEM	SKIN, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION	ENDOCRINE CONTROL	REPRODUCTION	IMMUNOLOGY
Learning Outcomes	•Define anatomy and physiology. •Demonstrate the ability to seek and find relevant information about careers in anatomy and physiology. •Demonstrate competency using tools of measurement, microscopes, and computers. •Demonstrate proficiency in presenting results using measurable data, technology and mathematics. •Show complete familiarity with and observation of established safety practices. •Identify the hierarchical levels of organization of life dealt with in the study of anatomy and physiology, including molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms. •Identify and explain cell structures and functions. •Explain physical processes that occur during molecular movement. •Describe the different metabolic processes for organisms. •Distinguish between mitosis and meiosis. •Classify primary tissues based on their physical characteristics. •Use the correct directional and anatomic position terms to label an organism by diagram and dissection. •Use compound and dissecting microscopes in the examination of prepared and wet mount slides.	•Identify the various structures of bone tissue and describe the functions of bone tissue. •Classify body joints or articulations according to their permitted degree of movement, including gliding, condyloid, saddle, pivot, hinge, and ball-and-socket joints. •Describe common sports injuries to bones and joints. •Label the bones of the human skeleton on a diagram. •Use medical reference sources to research the origins, pathogenesis, and symptoms of a selected skeletal disorder. •Identify major muscles of the human body, and describe the functions of these muscles. •Describe muscular contraction in terms of muscle structure and chemical reactions. •Research an issue relating to careers in the study of the musculoskeletal system, and present research results in oral and written form.	•Identify the structures and functions of nerve cells. •Describe the structures and features of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system (somatic and autonomic). •Distinguish the different types of neurons. •Describe the structures and functions of the outer, middle and inner ear. •Describe the main structures and functions of the eye. •Discuss techniques to improve reflex/reaction/response times. •Research and discuss various eye disorders. •Name and describe the action of enzymes in the human mouth. •Use a diagram to locate the positions of the salivary glands. •Use sample mammalian skulls to determine dental formulas, and state the functions of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars). •Distinguish between the pharynx and the esophagus in terms of their positions, structures, and functions. •Describe the structure of the stomach and its role in processing food. •Identify the three main regions of the small intestine and state their biological function. •Describe the appearance, the functions, and the products of the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. •Describe the structure and function of the large intestine. •Distinguish among various digestive disorders and diseases by their causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments. •Describe the metabolic processes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.	•Name and describe the action of enzymes in the human mouth. •Use a diagram to locate the positions of the salivary glands. •Use sample mammalian skulls to determine dental formulas, and state the functions of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars). •Distinguish between the pharynx and the esophagus in terms of their positions, structures, and functions. •Describe the structure of the stomach and its role in processing food. •Identify the three main regions of the small intestine and state their biological function. •Describe the appearance, the functions, and the products of the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. •Describe the structure and function of the large intestine. •Distinguish among various digestive disorders and diseases by their causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments. •Describe the metabolic processes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.	•Describe the structures and functions of nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, the lungs, their bronchi and alveoli. •Summarize the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs and in the tissues. •Demonstrate the actions of inhaling and exhaling air, the movement of the diaphragm and ribs, and explain the function of pressure in the movement of air into and out of the lungs and air passages. •Describe the physiological effects of: (a) hyperventilation; (b) surfacing too quickly from a deep-sea dive; and (c ) sport-related difficulties. •Describe a variety of respiratory disorders and diseases according to causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments.	•Describe the fluid and cellular composition of blood and the functions of the various components of blood. •Identify and describe the antigens and antibodies associated with each ABO blood type and explain why blood types must be carefully matched in transfusion therapy. •Identify the role of Rh factor in blood compatibility. •Describe the characteristics of blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circuits. •Describe the changes undergone by the circulatory system during the lifespan of a person. •Discuss ‘athlete’s heart’. •Distinguish among various circulatory disorders and diseases based on their causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments.	•Describe the structure and function of the skin. •Discuss the role of the skin in maintaining body temperature and as a sense receptor. •State the differences between signs and symptoms of first, second, and third degree burns and discuss their recommended treatments. •Describe the structures of the excretory system and state their functions. •Identify the principal metabolic waste products of the human body and the organs responsible for the excretory process. •Describe the microscopic units of the kidneys known as nephrons by identifying their renal corpuscle and renal tubule makeup. •Describe the process of urine formation and identify the chemical composition of urine. •Distinguish among various diseases and disorders of the excretory system based on their causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments. •Describe a range of homeostatic balances that maintain the life of an organism, including such vital signs as body temperature, blood pressure, nutrient and ionic balance, and body weight. •Describe dehydration, water intoxication, and edema and relate to fluid and electrolyte imbalance.	•Identify and describe the functions of major hormones of the body. •Identify the principal endocrine glands and locate them on a diagram of the human body. •Describe how endocrine glands are regulated by feedback mechanisms •Distinguish among various endocrine disorders and diseases according to their causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments. •Use written materials and sources to discuss the use and effects of steroids in medicine and in athletics.	•Identify and label a diagram of the structures of the male and female reproductive systems, and discuss the functions of reproductive structures. •Describe the process of egg fertilization. •Characterize the various phases of the female menstrual cycle, and summarize the interaction of hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. •Outline the basic aspects of Mendelian genetics including segregation and independent assortment, development of reproductive cells, the passing of traits from generation to generation, and the significance of variation to a species. •Distinguish among a variety of genetic disorders according to their causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments, if any.	•Identify structures of the lymphatic system on the human body, and describe their functions. •Identify and describe several nonspecific defense mechanisms •Distinguish between antigens and antibodies. •Describe how T cells and B cells participate in the processes of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. •Contrast the processes of active and passive immunity and provide examples of each. •Distinguish among a variety of immunological disorders and diseases according to their causes, symptoms, and recommended treatments.
Significant Task	Presentation of selected careers , Patient simulations Learning Module	Debate traditional orthopedic medicine versus chiropractic medicine, Interpretation of x-rays of a variety of skeletal conditions and injuries.	Dissection of sheep eye, sensory stimuli	Study of food products	Report on smoking, Breathing/ Lung Lab	Electrocardiogram results, Sheep heart dissection.,	First Aid, Kidney Dissection	Diabetes Report	Genetic Disease report, Animal Dissection	Immunological disorder report
Content Supporting Materials	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources	Textbooks, Labs, NHPS Web Materials, Dissection Sources